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Breast Cancer Signs Biography

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FORT WAYNE and WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Matrix-Bio Inc., a diagnostics company that uses metabolite profiling to detect cancer and other diseases, has signed an exclusive global licensing and marketing agreement for metabolomic biomarkers with Quest Diagnostics (NYSE: DGX).

Quest is the world's leading provider of diagnostic information services. Under the agreement, Quest will have the rights to use the biomarkers for the future potential development of a clinical laboratory-developed test to aid in the detection of breast cancer recurrence. The company plans to independently develop and validate the laboratory-developed test from its Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute in San Juan Capistrano, Calif., where it houses a research, development and laboratory center.

The company will co-fund clinical studies with Matrix-Bio to demonstrate the clinical value of the test using the metabolomic biomarkers and, assuming successful validation, offer its own version of the test through the San Juan Capistrano laboratory and market the testing service in the United States and other countries. Quest Diagnostics also has the option to pursue an appropriate regulatory pathway for an in vitro diagnostic version of the test. Additional terms were not disclosed.

Matrix-Bio has developed a technique that uses mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify metabolic changes occurring in cancerous cells. In 2010 Cancer Research, a peer-reviewed publication of the American Association of Cancer Research, published Matrix-Bio's findings, Early Detection of Recurrent Breast Cancer Using Metabolite Profiling. Using metabolite-profiling methods, Matrix-Bio's laboratory-developed test correctly predicted a recurrence of breast cancer an average of 13 months before clinical diagnosis and two times the sensitivity of the current standard tests involving immunoassays.

"Our relationship with Matrix-Bio builds on Quest's leadership in oncology and mass spectrometry and moves us forward in the emerging field of metabolomic clinical diagnostics," said Jay Wohlgemuth, M.D., Quest's senior vice president, science and innovation. "It also delivers on a central tenet of our strategy to deliver a robust menu of services, in this case for breast cancer, which spans the continuum of care, from predisposition genetic testing to post-surgical monitoring."

Commenting on the agreement, Matrix-Bio founder and chief scientific officer Dan Raftery, Ph.D., said collaboration with a company of the stature of Quest Diagnostics could advance the potential commercialization of a novel breast cancer recurrence test.

"Since 2006 when we first started working on metabolite profiling as a cancer detection tool, we have had the ideal partner in mind to help bring this potentially life-saving technology to those at risk of cancer," Raftery said. "Licensing the biomarkers to Quest Diagnostics is a big step toward our goal to make improved and more efficient testing methods for diagnosing many forms of cancer available to physicians and patients. Quest has the people, processes and presence to bring a clinically valuable breast cancer recurrence test to market and, with it, hope to breast cancer survivors who want more accurate cancer recurrence monitoring."

Matrix-Bio is developing additional biomarkers that may provide the basis for tests for other cancers utilizing its patent-pending VeraMarker™ metabolite profiling technology platform. Raftery founded Matrix-Bio while a professor of analytical and physical chemistry at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., where he received entrepreneurial support from the Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialization.

Raftery is now a medical education and research endowed professor in the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and director of the Northwest Metabolomics Research Center at the University of Washington in Seattle. He is also a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (http://www.fhcrc.org) in Seattle. Raftery's work is supported by the National Institutes of Health and U.S. Department of Defense.

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Breast Cancer SignsSign Ribbon cells Horoscope Symbol Tattoos Research Zodiac Sign Ribbon Tattoos

Breast Cancer SignsSign Ribbon cells Horoscope Symbol Tattoos Research Zodiac Sign Ribbon Tattoos

Breast Cancer SignsSign Ribbon cells Horoscope Symbol Tattoos Research Zodiac Sign Ribbon Tattoos

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Bladder Cancer Treatment Biography

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 To investigate the effectiveness of bladder mucosal autograft for the treatment of vesicovaginal fistulae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2005 and June 2011, 21 patients with a single vesicovaginal fistula above the trigone, not involving the ureters, underwent surgery. Bladder was approached extraperitoneally and opened in the midline. The mucosa around the fistula was incised and inverting sutures were placed over the fistula opening. The mucosal defect was covered by a free mucosal graft from the edge of cystotomy incision.
RESULTS: After catheter removal at 2 weeks, 18 patients (85 %) remained dry while one patient experienced urge incontinence, which resolved in a few days and another one still had urine leakage (although less than before the operation) that improved after another 3 weeks of bladder drainage. Only in one patient, the operation failed.
CONCLUSION: Short duration of hospitalization, simplicity of the procedure, avoidance of extensive bladder dissection, and extraperitoneal nature of the operation, along with a high success rate are the advantages of this procedure. This technique could be recommended for single fistulae not involving the ureters and not secondary to malignancies.

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 Skin Cancer Treatment Biography

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The skin is the body’s largest organ. It protects against heat, sunlight, injury, and infection. Skin also helps control body temperature and stores water, fat, and vitamin D. The skin has several layers, but the two main layers are the epidermis (upper or outer layer) and the dermis (lower or inner layer). Skin cancer begins in the epidermis, which is made up of three kinds of cells:

    Squamous cells: Thin, flat cells that form the top layer of the epidermis.
    Basal cells: Round cells under the squamous cells.
    Melanocytes: Cells that make melanin and are found in the lower part of the epidermis. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its natural color. When skin is exposed to the sun, melanocytes make more pigment and cause the skin to darken.

Enlarge
Skin anatomy; drawing shows layers of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue including hair shafts and follicles, oil glands, lymph vessels, nerves, fatty tissue, veins, arteries, and a sweat gland.
Anatomy of the skin, showing the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

Skin cancer can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most common in skin that is often exposed to sunlight, such as the face, neck, hands, and arms.

There are different types of cancer that start in the skin.

The most common types are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are nonmelanoma skin cancers. Nonmelanoma skin cancers rarely spread to other parts of the body. Melanoma is the rarest form of skin cancer. It is more likely to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Actinic keratosis is a skin condition that sometimes becomes squamous cell carcinoma.

This summary is about nonmelanoma skin cancer and actinic keratosis. See the following PDQ summaries for information on melanoma and other kinds of cancer that affect the skin:

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Carcinoid Cancer Biography

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Carcinoid syndrome is caused by carcinoid tumors, which are small slowly growing tumors of enterochromaffin cells. Carcinoids display a spectrum of aggressiveness with no clear distinguishing line between benign and malignant. The majority of carcinoid tumors do not cause significant clinical disease. Those tumors that behave more aggressively tend to cause nonspecific GI disturbances, such as intermittent pain and bloating, for many years before more overt symptoms develop.

Approximately 85% of carcinoid tumors are located in the GI tract, 10% in the lung, and 5% in various other sites including thymus, ovary, kidney, prostate, skin, and breast. The GI tract carcinoid tumors are subdivided into:
    Foregut carcinoids, arising from respiratory tract, stomach, pancreas or duodenum (15% of cases)
    Midgut carcinoids, occurring within jejunum, ileum, or appendix (70% of cases)
    Hindgut carcinoids, which are found in the colon or rectum (15% of cases)

The carcinoid syndrome consists of flushing, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, wheezing, right heart valve disease, and fibrosis of endocardium, blood vessels, and skin. It is usually caused by midgut tumors, because foregut and hindgut neoplasms produce far lesser amounts of serotonin. Since midgut tumors drain into the portal circulation, which passes into the liver, symptoms do not usually occur until the tumor metastasizes to the liver and releases humoral factors directly into the systemic circulation.

The laboratory diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome relies on measurement of serum serotonin, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and serum chromogranin A. In most cases, if none of these 3 analytes is elevated, carcinoids can be excluded as a cause of symptoms suggestive of carcinoid syndrome.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Once secreted, in concert with other gut hormones, 5-HT increases GI blood flow, motility, and fluid secretion. On first pass through the liver, between 30 and 80% of 5-HT is metabolized, predominately to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which is water soluble and excreted by the kidneys. Ninety-percent of the remainder is metabolized in the lungs, also to 5-HIAA. Of the remaining 10%, almost all is taken up by platelets, where it remains until it is released during clotting, promoting further platelet aggregation.

In a symptomatic patient, a serum serotonin value of >400 ng/mL is suggestive of a carcinoid tumor. Metastatic carcinoid tumors show very high levels of serum serotonin, usually exceeding 1000 ng/mL. Serotonin production by disseminated carcinoid tumors can sometimes be so substantial that body tryptophan stores become depleted and clinical tryptophan deficiency, resembling pellagra (triad of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis), develops.

In patients with more advanced tumors, circulating 5-HT is elevated in nearly all patients with midgut tumors, but only in approximately 50% of those with foregut carcinoids, and 20% of individuals with hindgut tumors

Urinary 5-HIAA is elevated in almost all carcinoid-syndrome patients with midgut tumors, in about 30% of individuals with foregut carcinoids, but almost never in hindgut tumors.

5-HIAA levels usually exceed 15 mg per 24 hours. If two 24-hour urine collections during spells fail to reveal an increased 5 HIAA level, diagnosis of a functioning carcinoid is unlikely.

Chromogranin A is a protein which is found in secretory granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues. Chromogranin A is almost always elevated in patients with symptomatic or metastatic carcinoid tumors. It is particularly valuable in diagnosing hindgut tumors because they usually do not secrete excessive amounts of serotonin and 5-HIAA.

Disease progression can be monitored in patients with serotonin-producing carcinoid tumors by measurement of 5-HT in blood. However, at levels above approximately 5,000 ng/mL, the serotonin storage capacity of platelets becomes limiting, and there is no longer a linear relationship between tumor burden and blood 5-HT levels. Urinary 5-HIAA and serum chromogranin A continue to increase in proportion to the tumor burden to much higher 5-HT production levels, and are therefore better suited for follow-up in patients with extensive disease.

Medications that may elevate serotonin concentrations include lithium, MAO-inhibitors, methyldopa, morphine, and reserpine. The observed levels are usually <400 ng/mL. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine) can lead to depletion of platelet

serotonin levels and result in false-negative blood 5-HT tests. The effects of drugs are more marked on urinary 5-HIAA levels than on blood 5-HT levels.

Serotonin- or tryptophan-rich foods (avocados, bananas, plums, walnuts, pineapple, eggplant, plantain, tomatoes, hickory nuts, kiwi, dates, grapefruit, cantaloupe, and honeydew melon) do not contribute significantly to blood 5-HT measurements, but can elevate urinary 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA levels up to 10-fold. They should be avoided for 48 hours prior to the start of the collection.

Since most circulating 5-HT is contained in platelets, the preferred specimens for measurement either include all or most of the platelets, such as whole blood or serum from completely clotted specimens. Clotting releases most of the 5-HT from platelets.

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Kidney Cancer Prognosis Biography

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Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the renal pelvis and ureter.

The renal pelvis is the top part of the ureter. The ureter is a long tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. There are two kidneys, one on each side of the backbone, above the waist. The kidneys of an adult are about 5 inches long and 3 inches wide and are shaped like a kidney bean. The kidneys clean the blood and produce urine to rid the body of waste. The urine collects in the middle of each kidney in the renal pelvis. Urine drains from the renal pelvis through the ureter, into the bladder, where it is stored until it is passed from the body through the urethra.

Anatomy of the male urinary system showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.
Anatomy of the male urinary system showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.

Anatomy of the female urinary system showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.
Anatomy of the female urinary system showing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine is made in the renal tubules and collects in the renal pelvis of each kidney. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until it leaves the body through the urethra.

The renal pelvis and ureters are lined with transitional cells. These cells can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. Transitional cell cancer starts in these cells. Transitional cell cancer can form in the renal pelvis or the ureter or both.

Renal cell cancer is a more common type of kidney cancer. Refer to the PDQ summary on Renal Cell Cancer Treatment for more information.

Misuse of certain pain medicines can affect the risk of developing transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. People who think they may be at risk should discuss this with their doctor. Risk factors for transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter include the following:

    Misusing certain pain medicines, including over-the-counter pain medicines, for a long time.
    Being exposed to certain dyes and chemicals used in making leather goods, textiles, plastics, and rubber.
    Smoking cigarettes.

Possible signs of transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter include blood in the urine and back pain.

These and other symptoms may be caused by transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. There may be no symptoms in the early stages. Symptoms may appear as the tumor grows. A doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur:

Read more: http://www.umgcc.org/gu_program/343585general-information-about-transitional-cell-cancer-of-the-renal-pelvis-and-ureter.htm#ixzz2ShNMAp4L

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Kidney Cancer PrognosisSign Ribbon cells Horoscope Symbol Tattoos Research Zodiac Sign Ribbon Tattoos

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Cancer Research Foundation

 Cancer Research Foundation Biography

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 The Breast Cancer Research Foundation mourns the loss of our visionary Founder and Chairman, Evelyn Lauder. Her passionate action and determination to improve the health of women and families led her to establish BCRF. Her single-minded dedication to finding a cure for breast cancer never wavered. BCRF stands in tribute to her vision and will endure through the force of her commitment, which will live forever in our hearts.

Evelyn H. Lauder (1936-2011) was the Senior Corporate Vice President and Head of Fragrance Development Worldwide for the Estée Lauder Companies Inc. During her more than 50 years with the Company, she held many positions while contributing her invaluable insights about fashion trends, consumers' changing needs, and new approaches to the development of innovative skin care, makeup and fragrance products. She also helped name the Clinique brand. As Head of Fragrance Development Worldwide for the Estée Lauder Companies, she led the development of the Company's most globally successful fragrances, including the best-selling Beautiful and Pleasures.

Mrs. Lauder was perhaps best known to the public for her work in bringing global awareness to women's health. Her personal experience with early stage breast cancer in 1987, led her in 1992, to co-create, with Alexandra Penney of SELF magazine, the now ubiquitous Pink Ribbon, recognized as the worldwide symbol of breast health. In conjunction, Mrs. Lauder launched the Estée Lauder Companies Breast Cancer Awareness (BCA) Campaign (www.bcacampaign.com). To date, the BCA Campaign has distributed more than 115 million Pink Ribbons and informational brochures worldwide. In 2000, Mrs. Lauder and the BCA Campaign launched its annual "Global Landmarks Illumination Initiative," whereby historic landmarks are illuminated in pink lights during the month of October to focus global attention on breast health. In 2010, the BCA Campaign illuminated 38 global historic landmarks within a 24-hour timeframe and achieved the first-ever Guinness World Record for "Most Landmarks Illuminated for a Cause in 24 Hours." Included among the 38 iconic landmarks were the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower Hotel in India, the Tokyo Tower in Japan, the Hotel Majestic in France, and the Empire State Building in New York City.

Mrs. Lauder was also Chairman of The Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), which she founded in 1993. She was passionately committed to preventing breast cancer and finding a cure in her lifetime by funding the most innovative clinical and translational research at leading medical centers worldwide. To date, BCRF has raised over $350 million and currently supports 186 researchers across the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia.

In 1989, Mrs. Lauder initiated the fundraising drive that established the Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. As the first breast and diagnostic center, it became a model for similar facilities around the world. The expanded Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center opened in September 2009 and is three times the size of its predecessor. It provides the most up-to-date breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and outpatient treatment services and serves as a worldwide model for offering coordinated supportive services under one roof for one disease, a concept which has been replicated in other institutions and for other diseases.

Mrs. Lauder's achievements have garnered global recognition. In 2002, she received France's Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. In June 2007, Mrs. Lauder received the prestigious 2007 Partners in Progress Award from the American Society of Clinical Oncology for her efforts to increase public awareness about cancer. In 1999 and 2007, she was featured in Crain's New York Business magazine as one of New York's 100 Most Influential Women in Business, and in 2008 she was nominated to the International Best Dressed List. In 2010, Mrs. Lauder received the Fashion Group International Humanitarian Award in recognition for her work with BCRF and her tireless efforts toward eradicating breast cancer. In October 2011, the Lauder family received the prestigious Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy for their longstanding commitment to philanthropy and public service.

Mrs. Lauder was a dedicated photographer, whose art has been represented in many public and private collections, including The Whitney Museum of American Art, The Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, and leading medical facilities worldwide. She's had two photography books published of her own work, The Seasons Observed and An Eye for Beauty. Her photographs have been exhibited internationally, including the Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York City, Berggruen Gallery in San Francisco, Duran Exposiciones de Arte in Madrid, The Red Gate Gallery in Beijing and at the Galerie des Galeries at the Galeries Lafayette in Paris. Her most recent photography exhibition "Salon Beauties" opened at the Gagosian Gallery in London on September 29, 2011. In September 2006, Mrs. Lauder published her first cookbook, In Great Taste: Fresh, Simple Recipes for Eating and Living Well. All of Mrs. Lauder's royalties from her books and exhibitions are donated to BCRF.

Evelyn Lauder passed away from complications of non-genetic ovarian cancer in November 2011. She is survived by her husband Leonard A. Lauder, Chairman Emeritus of the Estée Lauder Companies; her son William, Executive Chairman of the Estée Lauder Companies; her son Gary, Managing Director of Lauder Partners LLC and his wife Laura, General Partner of Lauder Partners; and her five grandchildren.

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 Testicular Cancer Sictures Biography

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Lance Armstrong's story of cancer survival reads like an oncological tall tale. In 1996, he was diagnosed with testicular cancer that had spread to his abdomen, lungs, and brain at the young age of 25. The odds were against his survival, but within two years, Armstrong was deemed cancer-free after undergoing extensive chemotherapy and surgery.

The two-time Tour de France champ went on to win five more after battling cancer. He founded the LIVESTRONG Lance Armstrong Foundation, an organization that promotes cancer awareness and funds cancer research. The slogan LIVESTRONG became so popular that it was branded on yellow wristbands, which were worn by those committed to cancer awareness. Proceeds from the sale of the bracelets went to cancer research -- as of December 2009, over 70 million wristbands have been sold at $1 each.

Unlike many cancer survivors, Lance was also able to have a child without the aid of fertilization treatments, despite having a testicle removed. Lance's girlfriend became pregnant naturally and the couple welcomed a boy in June of 2009.

There is no debate that Lance Armstrong is one of the greatest health turnarounds of the decade. To survive such advanced cancer when statistically he should have died, go on to win five more Tour de France competitions, and to naturally conceive a child when most people who undergo the same treatment are left infertile, sounds like a movie script than a biography. His miraculous cancer journey serves as an inspiration to cancer patients and survivors worldwide.
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