Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms

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Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms Biography
The oral cavity (mouth) and the upper part of the throat (pharynx) have roles in many important functions, including breathing, talking, chewing, and swallowing. The mouth and upper throat are sometimes referred to as the oropharynx or oral cavity. The important structures of the mouth and upper throat include the following:

Lips
Inside lining of the cheeks (buccal mucosa)
Teeth
Gums
Tongue
Floor of the mouth
Back of the throat, including the tonsils (oropharynx)
Roof of the mouth (the bony front part [hard palate] and the softer rear part [soft palate])
Area behind the wisdom teeth
Salivary glands

Many different cell types make up these different structures. Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation whereby they grow and multiply without normal controls. Malignant tumors of the oral cavity can encroach on and invade neighboring tissues. They can also spread to remote sites in the body through the bloodstream or to lymph nodes via the lymph vessels. The process of invading and spreading to other organs is called metastasis.

Tumors in the mouth and throat include both benign and malignant types.

Benign tumors, although they may grow and penetrate below the surface layer of tissue, do not spread by metastasis to other parts of the body. Benign tumors of the oropharynx are not discussed in this article.
Premalignant conditions are cell changes that are not cancer but which may become cancer if not treated.

Dysplasia is another name for these precancerous cell changes.
Dysplasia can be detected only by taking a biopsy of the lesion.
Examining the dysplastic cells under a microscope indicates how severe the changes are and how likely the lesion is to become cancerous.

The dysplastic changes are usually described as mild, moderately severe, or severe.
The two most common kinds of premalignant lesions in the oropharynx are leukoplakia and erythroplakia.

Leukoplakia is a white or whitish area on the tongue or inside of the mouth. It can often be easily scraped off without bleeding and develops in response to chronic (long-term) irritation. Only about 5% of leukoplakias are cancerous at diagnosis or will become cancerous within 10 years if not treated.

Erythroplakia is a raised, red area. If scraped, it may bleed. Erythroplakia is generally more severe than leukoplakia and has a higher chance of becoming cancerous over time.

Mixed white and red areas can also occur and represent premalignant lesions of the oral cavity.
These are often detected by a dentist at a routine dental examination.
Several types of malignant cancers occur in the mouth and throat.

Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common type, accounting for more than 90% of all cancers. These cancers start in the squamous cells, which form the surface of much of the lining of the mouth and pharynx. They can invade deeper layers below the squamous layer.

Other less common cancers of the mouth and throat include tumors of the minor salivary glands and lymphoma.
Cancers of the mouth and throat do not always metastasize, but those that do usually spread first to the lymph nodes of the neck. From there, they may spread to more distant parts of the body.

Statistics about oral cancer reveal that over 39,000 new cases of oral cancer are diagnosed in the U.S. yearly, with about 7,900 people dying of these cancers each year. Approximately 1 out of 95 people will develop an oral cancer at some time in their lives.

Cancers of the mouth and throat occur in twice as many men as women.
These cancers can develop at any age but occur most frequently in people aged 45 years and older.

Incidence rates of mouth and throat cancers vary widely from country to country. These variations are due to differences in risk factor exposures.

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Cancer Of The Mouth Symptoms 

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

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Mouth Cancer Symptoms Biography
A tumor, also known as a neoplasm, is an abnormal mass of tissue which may be solid or fluid-filled. A tumor does not mean cancer - tumors can be benign (not cancerous), pre-malignant (pre-cancerous), or malignant (cancerous). There are many different types of tumors and a variety of names for them - their names usually reflect their shape and the kind of tissue they appear in. Put simply, a tumor is a kind of lump or swelling, it does not necessarily pose a health threat.

When doctors use the term tumor they are talking generically and not about the size of the lesion. A mass usually refers to a lump which is at least 20 mm (0.787 inches) in diameter at its widest point, while a nodule is less than 20 mm at its widest point.

Tumor sizes may vary enormously. In January 2012, Nguyen Duy Hai, a 32-year-old Vietnamese man underwent a 12-hour operation to remove a 200-pound tumor from his leg. Dr. McKay McKinnon, lead surgeon, had rated the success of the operation at just 50%. The surgery was a success.

Cancer stem cells may play a major role in tumor growth, three studies published in the journals Nature and Science revealed in August 2012. Scientists believe cancer might have its own stem cells that impact on the regrowth of tumors. They added that if further studies confirm their findings, the way we treat cancerous tumors may change dramatically.

According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, a Tumor is:

"1. Any swelling or tumefaction.

2. One of the four signs of inflammation (t., calor, dolor, rubor) enunciated by Celsus."
What is a benign tumor?

A benign tumor (benign neoplasm) cannot metastasize - it cannot spread. Examples include uterine fibroids and moles. "Benign" means it is non-progressive, it remains as it is.

Most benign tumors are not harmful to human health. Even though they are not cancerous, some may press against nerves or blood vessels and cause pain or other negative effects. Benign tumors of endocrine tissues may result in the excessive production of some hormones.

Examples of benign tumors include:
Adenomas - tumors that arise from glandular epithelial tissue - epithelial tissue is the thin membrane that covers glands, organs and other structures in the body. A polyp in the colon is a type of adenoma. Other examples include pituitary adenoma, adrenocortical adenoma, basal cell adenoma, bile duct adenoma, chromophobe adenoma, follicular adenoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and nipple adenoma (there are many more).

Although adenomas are not cancerous, they can change and become so; then they are called adenocarcinomas.

Fibroids (fibromas) - benign tumors that grow on fibrous or connective tissue of any organ in the body. Uterine fibroids are common. Uterine fibroids can cause vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or discomfort, and urinary incontinence.

The fibroma durum (hard fibroma) is made up of many fibers and few cells. The fibroma molle (soft fibroma) is made up of several loosely connected cells and less fibroid tissue. Soft fibroma is usually found in the armpits, groin, neck and eyelids.


A soft fibroma of the eyelid

There are many types of fibromas, such as angiofibroma, cystic fibroma (fibroma cysticum), myxofibroma (fibroma myxomatodes), nonossifying fibroma, ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, pleomorphic fibroma, fibroma of tendon sheath nuchal fibroma, chondromyxoid fibroma, desmoplasmic fibroma, collagenous fibroma, and perifollicular fibroma.

Some fibromas can cause symptoms and may require surgical removal. Rarely, fibroids can change and eventually become cancerous, they are then called fibrosarcomas.

Hemangiomas - benign tumors which consists of a collection of too many blood cells. They can sometimes be seen on the surface of the skin and are colloquially called strawberry marks. The majority of hemangiomas appear at birth and gradually go away after some months or years.

Hemangiomas do not usually require any treatment. If they affect the patient's ability to eat, hear or see, the doctor may recommend treatment with corticosteroids. If the patient is over 10 years of age, they are more commonly removed today using laser surgery.


A hemangiomas on the scalp of a two-year old girl

Lipomas - the most common form of soft-tissue tumor. Lipomas consist of adipose tissue (fat cells). Most of them are very small, painless, soft to the touch, and generally movable. They are more common among people aged 40+ years. Experts disagree on whether lipomas can change and become cancerous (malignant).

There are many kinds of lipomas, such as angiolipoleiomyoma, angiolipoma, chondroid lipoma, corpus callosum lipoma, hibernoma, intradermal spindle cell lipoma, neural fibrolipoma, pleomorphic lipomas, and superficial subcutaneous lipoma (the most common type, found just below the skin's surface).
What is a premalignant tumor?

A premalignant or precancerous tumor is one that is not yet malignant, but is about to become so.

Examples of premalignant growths include:
Actinic keratosis - also known as senile keratosis or solar keratosis is a premalignant growth consisting of crusty, scaly and thick patches of skin. Fair-skinned people are more susceptible to these types of growths, especially those who are exposed to sunlight (it is linked to solar damage).

Actinic keratoses are seen as potentially premalignant because a number of them progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Doctors usually recommend treating them because of this. There is a 20% risk that untreated lesions eventually become cancerous. Continuous sun exposure increases the risk of malignancy.

Dysplasia of the cervix - the normal cells lining the cervix of the uterus change. The growth can be premalignant, a prelude to cervical cancer. Cervical dysplasia is diagnosed with a PAP smear. According to the National Institutes of Health, USA, about 5% of PAP smears detect the presence of cervical dysplasia. They are more common in women aged 25 to 35. They may be removed with Cryotherapy (freezing), or conization (the cone of tissue from the cervix is removed).

Metaplasia of the lung - the growths occur in the bronchi, tubes that carry air from the windpipe into the lung. The bronchi are lined with glandular cells, which can change and become squamous cells. Metaplasia of the lung is most commonly caused by smoking.

Leukoplakia - thick, white patches form on the gums, bottom of the mouth, insides of the cheeks, and less commonly on the tongue. They cannot be scraped off easily. Experts believe tobacco smoking and/or chewing is the main cause. Although Leukoplakia is rarely dangerous, a small percentage are premalignant and can eventually become cancerous. Many mouth cancers occur next to areas of leukoplakia.

If smokers quit, the condition usually clears up. Quitting both alcohol and tobacco together has better results. The patches can be removed using laser, a scalpel or a cold probe that freezes the cancer cells (cryoprobe).
What is a malignant tumor?

Malignant tumors are cancerous tumors, they tend to become progressively worse, and can potentially result in death. Unlike benign tumors, malignant ones grow fast, they are ambitious, they seek out new territory, and they spread (metastasize).

The abnormal cells that form a malignant tumor multiply at a faster rate. Experts say that there is no clear dividing line between cancerous, precancerous and non-cancerous tumors - sometimes determining which is which may be arbitrary, especially if the tumor is in the middle of the spectrum. Some benign tumors eventually become premalignant, and then malignant.

Metastasis - malignant tumors invade nearby cells, and then the cells near those, and spread. Some cells can break off from the tumor and spread to various parts of the body through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system, and establish themselves anywhere in the body, and form new malignant tumors. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site to distant locations in the human body. For example, a patient may have started off with melanoma (skin cancer) which metastasized in their brain.

The cancer cells that metastasize are the same as the original ones. If a lung cancer spreads to the liver, those cancer cells that grow in the liver are lung cancer cells which have acquired the ability to invade other organs.

There are different types of tumors, which are made up of specific types of cancer cells:
Carcinoma - these tumors are derived from the skin or tissues that line body organs (epithelial cells). Carcinomas can be, for example, of the stomach, prostate, pancreas, lung, liver, colon or breast. Many of the most common tumors are of this type, especially among older patients.

Sarcoma - these are tumors that start off in connective tissue, such as cartilage, bones, fat and nerves. They originate in the mesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow. The majority of sarcoma tumors are malignant. They are called after the cell, tissue or structure they arise from, for example fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma.

Lymphoma/Leukemia - cancer arises from the blood forming (hematopoietic) cells that originate in the marrow and generally mature in the blood or lymph nodes. Leukemia accounts for 30% of childhood cancers. Leukemia is thought to be the only cancer where tumors are not formed.

Germ cell tumor - these are tumors that arise from a germ cell, pluripotent cells (cells than can turn into any kind of cell). Germ cell tumors most commonly present in the ovary (dysgerminoma) or testicle (seminoma). The majority of testicular tumors are germ cell ones. Less commonly, germ cell tumors may also appear in the brain, abdomen or chest.

Blastoma - tumors derived from embryonic tissue or immature "precursor" cells. These types of tumors are more common in children than adults. "Blastoma" is often the root word used in longer ones that describe tumors, for example, medulloblastoma and glioblastoma are kinds of brain tumors, retinoblastoma is a tumor in the retina of the eye, osteoblastoma is a type of bone tumor, while a neuroblastoma is a tumor found in children of neural origin.
What is a biopsy?

To decide whether a tumor is malignant or not, a sample must be taken by a surgeon or an interventional radiologist and sent to the laboratory and examined under a microscope by a pathologist - the sample is called a biopsy. There are three different types of biopsies:
Excisional biopsy - the entire lump or suspicious area is surgically removed.

When the specimen plus some surrounding uninvolved tissue is sent to the lab, the pathologist determines the extent of surgical margins around it to see whether the cancer spread beyond the area biopsied. Clear margins, also known as negative margins means that none of the tumor has spread beyond the edges of the biopsied specimen. Positive margins means the tumor has grown beyond the biopsied specimen. Sometimes a wider excision may be needed if the diagnosis is uncertain.
Incisional (core) biopsy - a sample is surgically removed from the tumor

Needle aspiration biopsy - fluid or a sample of tissue is removed with a needle
A recent study carried out by scientists from the Technical University of Munich, Germany, stressed that for a proper diagnosis, samples need to be taken from various parts of the tumor.
The naming of tumors and cancers

Cancer words usually have a prefix (start of the word) which describes which part of the body is involved, while the suffix (end of the word) tells you what type of cancer it is.

For example, the prefix adeno refers to a gland, from which you get full words like adenosarcoma or adenocarcinoma.

Below are some common prefixes used in cancer terms:
Uro- (bladder)
Retino- (eye)
Osteo- (bone)
Neuro- (brain)
Myo- (muscle)
Myelo- (bone marrow)
Melano- (pigment cell)
Lympho- (white blood cell)
Lipo- (fat)
Hepato- (liver)
Hemangio- (blood vessels)
Erythro- (red blood cell)
Chondro- (cartilage)
Adeno- (gland)

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

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Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer Biography
Doctors cannot always explain why one person gets cancer and another does not. However, scientists have studied general patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things around us and what things we do in our lives may increase our chance of developing cancer.

Anything that increases a person's chance of developing a disease is called a risk factor; anything that decreases a person's chance of developing a disease is called a protective factor. Some of the risk factors for cancer can be avoided, but many cannot. For example, although you can choose to quit smoking, you cannot choose which genes you have inherited from your parents.

 Both smoking and inheriting specific genes could be considered risk factors for certain kinds of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Prevention means avoiding the risk factors and increasing the protective factors that can be controlled so that the chance of developing cancer decreases.

Although many risk factors can be avoided, it is important to keep in mind that avoiding risk factors does not guarantee that you will not get cancer. Also, most people with a particular risk factor for cancer do not actually get the disease. Some people are more sensitive than others are to factors that can cause cancer. Talk to your doctor about methods of preventing cancer that might be effective for you.
Purposes Of This Summary
The purposes of this summary on oral cancer prevention are to:

Give information on oral cancer and how often it occurs.
Describe oral cancer prevention methods.
Give current facts about which people or groups of people would most likely be helped by following oral cancer prevention methods.
You can talk to your doctor or health care professional about cancer prevention methods and whether these methods would be likely to help you.
Significance Of Oral Cancer
Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer may develop in any of 3 main areas:

Lips.
Oral cavity, which includes:
The front two thirds of the tongue.
The gingiva (gums).
The buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheeks).
The floor (bottom) of the mouth under the tongue.
The hard palate (the roof of the mouth).
The retromolar trigone (the small area behind the wisdom teeth).
Oropharynx, which includes:
The middle part of the pharynx (throat) behind the mouth.
The back one-third of the tongue.
The soft palate.
The side and back walls of the throat.
The tonsils.
Salivary glands are located throughout the oral cavity and oropharynx.

The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which begins in the thin, flat cells that line the oral cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma usually develops from lesions on the mucous membranes, including leukoplakia (white patches) and erythroplakia (red patches). Other types of oral cancer include lymphoma, sarcoma, melanoma, and salivary gland tumors.

Oral cancer occurs more often in men. The number of women with tongue cancer, however, has increased in recent years.

Oral Cancer Prevention

Oral cancer is sometimes associated with known risk factors for the disease. Many risk factors can be modified but not all can be avoided.

Tobacco And Alcohol use: Tobacco use (cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) is responsible for most cases of oral cancer. Alcohol, particularly beer and hard liquor, are associated with an increased risk of developing oral cancer. The risk of developing oral cancer is higher in people who use both tobacco and alcohol. Avoiding or stopping the use of tobacco decreases the risk of oral cancer. It is not known if stopping the use of alcohol decreases the risk of oral cancer.
Sun Exposure: Exposure to sunlight may increase the risk of lip cancer, which occurs most often on the lower lip. Avoiding the sun and/or using a sunscreen or colored lipstick on the lips may decrease the risk of lip cancer.
Other Factors: Some studies suggest that being infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) may increase the risk of oral cancer.
Chemoprevention: Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other agents to prevent or delay the growth of cancer or to keep it from coming back. Tobacco users who have had oral cancer often develop second cancers in the oral cavity or nearby areas, including the nose, throat, vocal cords, esophagus, and windpipe. Studies of chemoprevention in oral cancer are under way, including chemoprevention of leukoplakia and erythroplakia.

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Symptoms Of Mouth Cancer

Mouth Cancer

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Mouth Cancer Biography
Mouth cancer (also known as oral cancer) is when an abnormal group of cells, known as a tumour, develops on the surface of the tongue, mouth, lips or gums.
Less commonly, it can occur in the salivary glands, tonsils and the part of the throat leading from your mouth to your windpipe (the pharynx).
Symptoms of mouth cancer include:
one or more mouth ulcers that do not heal
red, or red and white, patches on the lining of your mouth or tongue
a swelling in your mouth that lasts for more than three weeks
Read more about the symptoms of mouth cancer.
Treatment
There are three main treatment options for mouth cancer:
surgery – where the surgeon removes the cancerous cells, and in some cases, some of the surrounding tissue
chemotherapy – where powerful medications are used to kill cancerous cells
radiotherapy – where high energy X-rays are used to kill cancerous cells
These treatments are often used in combination. For example, a course of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be given after surgery to help prevent the cancer from returning.
Read more about the treatment of mouth cancer.
Complications
Both surgery and radiotherapy can make it difficult to speak and to swallow, which is known as dysphagia.
Dysphagia is a potentially serious problem because small pieces of food could enter your airways and become lodged in your lungs. This can trigger a chest infection, known as aspiration pneumonia.
Read more about the complications of mouth cancer.
What Causes Mouth Cancer?

Mouth cancer occurs when something goes wrong with the normal lifecycle of cells causing them to grow and reproduce in an uncontrollable and dangerous fashion.

Things known to increase your risk of developing mouth cancer include:

smoking
drinking alcohol (smokers who are also heavy drinkers have a much higher risk when compared to the population at large)
infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV); which is the virus that causes genital warts
eating a diet that contains lots of red meat and fried food
Read more about the causes of mouth cancer.
Reducing the risk

The three most effective ways to prevent mouth cancer (or prevent it from reoccurring after successful treatment) are:
quit smoking
stick to the recommended weekly limits for alcohol consumption (21 units for men, 14 units for women – read more about alcohol units)

eat a ‘Mediterranean-style diet,’ high in fresh vegetables (particularly tomatoes), citrus fruits, olive oil and fish - read more about healthy eating
You should also have regular dental check ups as dentists can often spot the early stages of mouth cancer.
Who is Affected
Mouth cancer is an uncommon cancer accounting for 1 in 50 of all cases of cancer.
There were just over 6,200 new cases of mouth cancer diagnosed in the UK during 2009 (the latest year from which reliable data is available).

The majority of mouth cancer cases first develop in older adults aged around 60.
Although cases can occur in younger adults. It is thought that infection with HPV may be responsible for most cases in younger people.

Mouth cancer is more common in men than women. This is thought to be due to the fact that, on average, men drink more alcohol than women.
Outlook
If diagnosed at an early stage, a complete cure is often possible using a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.

An estimated 4 out of 5 people with early-stage mouth cancer will live at least five years after their diagnosis, and many for a lot longer.

If diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the cancer has spread out of the mouth and into surrounding tissue, the outlook is poor: only 1 in 5 people will live for at least five years after their diagnosis.

Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

 Mouth Cancer 

Mouth Cancer 

Mouth Cancer 

Mouth Cancer 

Mouth Cancer