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Saturday 9 February 2013

Liver

Source(google.com.pk)
Liver Biography
Johnson is said to have been born near Little York, New Jersey,[1][original research?][dubious – discuss] with the last name Garrison.[2][dubious – discuss][original research?] During the Mexican-American war he served aboard a fighting ship, having enlisted under a false age. After striking an officer, he deserted, changed his name to John Johnston,[1] and traveled west to try his hand at the gold diggings in Alder Gulch, Montana Territory. He also became a "woodhawk," supplying cord wood to steamboats. He was described as a large man, standing about six foot two inches in stocking feet and weighing in the area of 260 pounds with almost no body fat.[citation needed]

Rumors, legends, and campfire tales abound about Johnson. Perhaps chief among them is this one: In 1847, his wife, a member of the Flathead American Indian tribe, was killed by a young Crow brave and his fellow hunters, which prompted Johnson to embark on a vendetta against the tribe.[2] The legend says that he would cut out and eat the liver of each man killed.[2][dubious – discuss] This was an insult to Crow because the Crow believed the liver to be vital if one was to go on to the afterlife. In any case, he eventually became known as "Liver-Eating Johnson". The story of how he got his name was written down by a diarist at the time. There were three Johnsons, nicknames were commonplace, and with Johnson's show of eating the liver, he received his name.

One tale ascribed to Johnson[1][2] (while other sources ascribe it to Boone Helm[3]) was of being ambushed by a group of Blackfoot warriors in the dead of winter on a foray to sell whiskey his Flathead kin, a trip that would have been over five hundred miles (805 kilometers). The Blackfoot planned to sell him to the Crow, his mortal enemies, for a handsome price.[vague] He was stripped to the waist, tied with leather thongs and put in a teepee with only one, very inexperienced guard. Johnson managed to break through the straps, then knocked out his young guard with a kick, took his knife and scalped him, then quickly cut off one of his legs.[dubious – discuss] He made his escape into the woods, surviving by eating the Blackfoot's leg, until he reached the cabin of Del Que, his trapping partner, a journey of about two hundred miles (322 Kilometers).


Bronze statue of Liver-Eating Johnson erected over his grave at Old Trail Town in Cody, Wyoming.
Eventually, Johnson made peace with the Crow,[2] who became "his brothers", and his personal vendetta against them finally ended after twenty-five years and scores of Crow warriors had fallen. The West, however, was still a very violent and territorial place, particularly during the Plains Indian Wars of the mid-19th century. Many more Indians of different tribes, especially but not limited to, the Sioux and Blackfoot, would know the wrath of "Dapiek Absaroka" Crow killer and his fellow mountain men.

The above information is based upon the yarns and tales told over and over through the years. The novel Mountain Man by Vardis Fisher is a good fiction source. The accurate story is told in the diaries of Lee and Kaiser who were on the Missouri River in 1868 when Johnston was given his moniker, after a rainy fight with the Sioux.[citation needed]

He joined the Union Army in St. Louis in 1864 (Company H, 2nd Colorado Cavalry) as a private, and was honorably discharged the following year. During the 1880s he was appointed deputy sheriff in Coulson, Montana, and a town marshal in Red Lodge, Montana. He was listed as five foot, eleven and three-quarter inches (1.82 meters) tall according to government records.

In his time, he was a sailor, scout, soldier, gold seeker, hunter, trapper, whiskey peddler, guide, deputy, constable, builder of log cabins, and any other source of income producing labor he could find.[citation needed]

His final residence was in a veterans' hospital in California. He was there for exactly one month before dying.

Welcome to this unique corner of cyberspace where you can share the medical insights of Dr Sandra Cabot M.D. who specializes in helping people with weight problems, liver dysfunction and hormonal imbalances. Dr. Sandra Cabot has had her books published in many different countries and is internationally recognized for her work. Dr. Sandra Cabot is a popular & regular guest on radio and television programs and writes for many women’s & health magazines. Sandra Cabot  does seminars in Australia and overseas and has helped many thousands of chronically ill persons to regain good health. Sandra was the first doctor to describe accurately and scientifically the 4 different body types and their special hormonal and metabolic characteristics.”It has been a revelation to me as a medical doctor, that it is possible to help, and in many cases cure, a broad spectrum of problems by following a nutritional program specifically designed to improve liver function. For this purpose I have written the Liver Cleansing Diet book which gives you an eight week plan to improve your liver function.”

Dr Sandra Cabot has written several very popular books on health and she is very well known under this name. Dr Cabot’s best selling The Liver Cleansing Diet book was awarded The Australian People’s Choice Award in 1997.You may find it interesting to know that Sandra chose the nom de plume of “Dr Cabot” in 1982, as in those days Australian medical doctors were encouraged to use a nom de plume (or writer’s name) if they were going to write books and participate in the health media. This was considered ethical behavior and was smiled upon by the medical registration boards, as it could then not be construed as to be advertising for extra patients.There are many well known medical doctors in Australia (such as Dr “Sally Feelgood” and Dr “James Wright”) who use a writer’s and/or media name for this purpose, and who continue to practise medicine under their professional names. This is considered to be more ethical and conservative, which is appropriate as the medical profession is a conservative profession.Dr Sandra Cabot’s professional name is Dr Sandra McRae and her ancestors came from Scotland and England. There is also a touch of French ancestry in Sandra, and that is why she chose a French nom de plume!Dr Sandra McRae is a registered medical doctor in NSW, Australia where she has medical practices in which she works with other medical doctors and naturopaths.

Dr Sandra McRae was born in Adelaide South Australia in 1952 and trained in medicine and surgery at Adelaide University in South Australia.

Sandra McRae graduated in medicine and surgery with honours in 1975 from Adelaide University South Australia.

In Australia a bachelor of medicine and surgery is designated by the letters MBBS, which appear after the name of the doctor. Sandra McRae is also a diplomate of the Royal Australian College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists and this is designated by the letters DRCOG. Thus the correct title of Dr Sandra McRae in Australia is MBBS, DRCOG.

Dr Sandra Cabot is published in many different countries and languages. In the USA Sandra uses the letters MD after her name, which is the American equivalent of the Australian MBBS, and simply means Medical Doctor and not Medical Doctorate.

During the mid-1980s Dr Cabot spent 6 months working as a volunteer doctor at the largest missionary hospital in India (the Leyman hospital). Here she studied tropical & infectious diseases and tended to the poor indigenous women with obstetric emergencies.

Dr Sandra Cabot travels extensively giving lectures and public seminars and visits isolated areas in Australia to share her message of natural health. Dr Cabot has lectured for the American Liver Foundation and the Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Society. Today she is asked by many different organizations and hospitals to lecture all over Australia and New Zealand. Some of the proceeds of Dr Cabot’s book sales are donated to support Women’s Refuges in Australia.

Dr Cabot believes that the most important health issues for people today are:–

The control of obesity & the prevention of diabetes
Educating our children about a healthy diet & lifestyle
Protecting the planet from pollution and wild life extinction
Avoiding the overuse of drugs (polypharmacy), especially when nutritional medicine may be able to achieve the same (and usually a better effect) for less cost & less risk.
Spreading government funding and subsidization equally between drug treatments & nutritional/complementary medicine.
Educating doctors about the correct use of nutritional medicine
The effective treatment of mental & emotional illness
A supportive and well educated community where people are guided to find the best health care.
Dr Cabot has a very exciting life meeting so many new people all over Australia and the USA. Thankfully she still has time to practice medicine.

Kidney Pain

Source(google.com.pk)
Kidney Pain Biography
The kidneys and the back can cause very similar pain but require very different treatments. Pain in the kidneys may indicate the need for treating kidney stones or an infection. A very similar pain in the back might be resolved with gentle exercise.

Ten Ways to Tell Them Apart
Differentiating kidney pain and back pain ultimately requires medical diagnosis, but you can make a good guess even before you make the appointment to see your doctor. Here are 10 important distinguishing features between the pains that are caused by your kidneys and the pains that originate in your back.

1. Back Pain is Usually Dull, But  Kidney Pains Are Usually Sharp

Pain in the back often originates in a degenerating disk, a process that occurs slowly over months, years, or even decades. Pain in the kidneys often originates in pressure caused by blocking the flow of urine. It often comes on quickly and is "colicky," generating spasms of intense pain with intermittent relief.

2. Kidney Pain Goes Away Quickly When The Kidney Problem is Resolved, But Back Pain Usually Lingers

It's possible, of course, to have back and kidney problems simultaneously. When this occurs, lingering, dull pain usually indicates a problem with the disks of the spine.

3. Back Pain Usually Starts In The Middle Of The Back And Then Spreads To The Sides

Kidney pain usually starts on one side (not both), and spreads to the middle. Since the kidneys are located to the sides of the spine, an infection of the kidneys or an injury to the kidneys (a "kidney punch") usually starts at the left or right flank and moves horizontally. Back pain usually radiates vertically down to the legs or up to the neck.

4. When Pain Originates In The Kidneys, Pushing On The Area Over The Kidneys Intensifies The Pain

When pain originates in the back, pushing on the area over the kidneys does not make pain worse.

5. Back Pain Usually Has a Definite Start And An Indefinite End

Kidney pain usually has an indefinite start and a definite end. Back pain is often traced to an identifiable injury, but resolution of the back injury is slow. Kidney pain usually develops slowly as an infection develops or stones accumulate, but ends quickly when the underlying cause is treated.

6. Changes in urine color, odor, or consistency, or blood in the urine, point to a kidney problem


7. Kidney Stones in Children Usually Cause Sudden Pain In The Flank That Radiates Downward And Toward The Abdomen

Kidney stones pregnant women usually cause sudden pain starting in the flank and radiating to the groin or vagina, but not the lower abdomen. Kidney stones in women who are not pregnant and men may cause intense pain, but sometimes cause no pain at all, just fatigue, weight loss, nausea, and loss of appetite.

8. Kidney infections, also known as pyelonephritis, sometimes cause the slightest touch to the flank area to be painful.

They are usually accompanied by fever, blood in the urine, nausea, and vomiting.

9. Back Pain Usually Gets Worse During Bed Rest, And Is Relieved By Light Exercise.

Kidney pain usually gets better during bed rest, and can be exacerbated during exercise.

10. Burning During Urination is Always a Symptom of a Kidney Problem

One-side pain is almost always a symptom of kidney problems, not back problems.

You should see your doctor about the most effective course of treatment for either kidney pain or back pain. But there are also things you can do that work for both conditions.

Lower back pain can be debilitating. Finding the root cause of it can be nearly as frustrating. Part of the reason is the complexity of the human muscular-skeletal system, and the fact that so many stresses from our erect posture can come home to roost in our lower backs.

The source of back discomfort can be muscular in nature, such as back spasms or a pulled muscle. Or it can be related to our skeletal system, ranging from hip and pelvic injuries to a misaligned spine compressing nerve tissue. But lower back pain can also be attributed, in certain instances, to internal organs, and specifically kidney problems.

Kidney pain, ranging from mild infection and kidney stones to acute renal failure, can often be mistaken for lower back pain because that's exactly where they're located. Our kidneys -- two fist-sized organs responsible for maintaining a healthy blood composition -- are found just above our pelvic saddle, one on each side of our spine [source: Freudenrich]. To make matters more complicated, pain from an infected kidney can even radiate to our hips and groin area.

Friday 8 February 2013

Pain In Kidney

Source(google.com.pk)
Pain In Kidney Biography
Lower back and hip pain can be caused by several factors. Yet, you should know that it can also be caused by kidney problems. Kidney problems are actually the serious condition. That is why you should be able to detect it as early as possible to get the further treatment from the doctors. It is true that there are some exercises that are meant to get rid of the back pain. Even there is also the best mattress for back pain. Yet, keep in mind that the exercises and even mattress are not suitable for kidney back pain. You need the medical treatments to get rid of it.

Lower Back and Hip Pain: The Overview
The lower back and hip pain that is caused by kidney problems is the discomfort that you feel in that area. When it comes to the location, it is true that you may feel the pain anywhere the kidneys are. It is the both sides of your spine area in your lower back and above the hips. Yet, most people find it as lower back and hip pain. There are some factors of kidney problems that you should be aware of. They are kidney stones, kidney inflammation, infection, bleeding, and even hematoma. All of them are the serious conditions. That is why you should directly visit the doctor when you feel the pain in those aforementioned areas.

Symptoms of Lower Back Pain Kidney
If the lower back and hip pain is caused by the kidney problems, then you will also feel the symptoms that indicate the kidney problems. The common symptoms are chill, vomit, and fever. The other symptoms depend on the kind of the condition. If it is kidney stones, you may find the urge to urinate most of the time and you will find your bladder is full, yet when it is the time to pass the urine, only a small amount of it that flow out. You may also find the blood in your urine if it infection or hematoma. Lower back and hip pain can be various.

Lower Back and Hip Pain Treatment
Lower back pain kidney should be treated by the medical treatments. You should visit the doctor first to determine the cause of your lower back and hip pain. It is because the treatment depends on the condition of your kidney. Yet, there are also the other natural treatments that you can do in lower back and hip pain that is caused by kidney problems.

You should consume parsley daily. It is useful to prevent the kidney stones getting bigger. This can also be useful to slow the growth of the stone. Next, you should increase the water intake in your body. Plenty of water is useful to get rid of lower back and hip pain.

Thursday 7 February 2013

A Kidney Disease

Source(google.com.pk)
A Kidney DiseaseBiography
Chronic kidney disease cannot be prevented in most situations. The patient may be able to protect their kidneys from damage, or slow the progression of the disease by controlling their underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.

Kidney disease is usually advanced by the time symptoms appear. If a patient is at high risk of developing chronic kidney disease, they should see their health care practitioner as recommended for screening tests.
If a patient has a chronic condition such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol, they should follow the treatment recommendations of their health care practitioner. The patient should see their health care practitioner regularly for monitoring. Aggressive treatment of these diseases is essential.
The patient should avoid exposure to drugs especially NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), chemicals, and other toxic substances as much as possible.

Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis
There is no cure for chronic kidney disease. The natural course of the disease is to progress until dialysis or transplant is required.

Patients with chronic kidney disease are at a much higher risk than the general population to develop strokes and heart attacks.
People undergoing dialysis have an overall 5-year survival rate of 32%. The elderly and those with diabetes have worse outcomes.
Recipients of a kidney transplant from a living related donor have a 2-year survival rate greater than 90%.
Recipients of a kidney from a donor who has died have a 2-year survival rate of 88%

Kidney Transplantation and Follow-up

Kidney transplantation offers the best outcomes and the best quality of life. Successful kidney transplants occur every day in the United States. Transplanted kidneys may come from living related donors, living unrelated donors, or people who have died of other causes (deceased donors). In people with type I diabetes, a combined kidney-pancreas transplant is often a better option.

However, not everyone is a candidate for a kidney transplant. People need to undergo extensive testing to ensure their suitability for transplantation. Also, there is a shortage of organs for transplantation, requiring waiting times of months to years before getting a transplant.

A person who needs a kidney transplant undergoes several tests to identify characteristics of his or her immune system. The recipient can accept only a kidney that comes from a donor who matches certain of his or her immunologic characteristics. The more similar the donor is in these characteristics, the greater the chance of long-term success of the transplant. Transplants from a living related donor generally have the best results.

Transplant surgery is a major procedure and generally requires 4 to 7 days in the hospital. All transplant recipients require lifelong immunosuppressant medications to prevent their bodies from rejecting the new kidney. Immunosuppressant medications require careful monitoring of blood levels and increase the risk of infection as well as some types of cancer.

Chronic Kidney Disease Follow-up
If a patient has chronic kidney disease, their health care practitioner will recommend a schedule of regular follow-up visits.

At these visits, the patient's underlying condition and kidney status will be evaluated.
The patient will have regular blood and urine tests and possibly imaging studies as part of this ongoing evaluation.
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Mouth Cancer Lip

Source(google.com.pk)
Mouth Cancer Lip Biogtaphy
Mouth cancer (also known as oral cancer) is when an abnormal group of cells, known as a tumour, develops on the surface of the tongue, mouth, lips or gums.

Less commonly, it can occur in the salivary glands, tonsils and the part of the throat leading from your mouth to your windpipe (the pharynx).
Symptoms of mouth cancer include:
one or more mouth ulcers that do not heal
red, or red and white, patches on the lining of your mouth or tongue
a swelling in your mouth that lasts for more than three weeks
Read more about the symptoms of mouth cancer.
Treatment
There are three main treatment options for mouth cancer:
surgery – where the surgeon removes the cancerous cells, and in some cases, some of the surrounding tissue
chemotherapy – where powerful medications are used to kill cancerous cells
radiotherapy – where high energy X-rays are used to kill cancerous cells
These treatments are often used in combination. For example, a course of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be given after surgery to help prevent the cancer from returning.
Read more about the treatment of mouth cancer.
Complications
Both surgery and radiotherapy can make it difficult to speak and to swallow, which is known as dysphagia.
Dysphagia is a potentially serious problem because small pieces of food could enter your airways and become lodged in your lungs. This can trigger a chest infection, known as aspiration pneumonia.
Read more about the complications of mouth cancer.
What Causes Mouth Cancer?

Mouth cancer occurs when something goes wrong with the normal lifecycle of cells causing them to grow and reproduce in an uncontrollable and dangerous fashion.

Things known to increase your risk of developing mouth cancer include:

smoking
drinking alcohol (smokers who are also heavy drinkers have a much higher risk when compared to the population at large)
infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV); which is the virus that causes genital warts
eating a diet that contains lots of red meat and fried food
Read more about the causes of mouth cancer.
Reducing the risk

The three most effective ways to prevent mouth cancer (or prevent it from reoccurring after successful treatment) are:
quit smoking
stick to the recommended weekly limits for alcohol consumption (21 units for men, 14 units for women – read more about alcohol units)

eat a ‘Mediterranean-style diet,’ high in fresh vegetables (particularly tomatoes), citrus fruits, olive oil and fish - read more about healthy eating
You should also have regular dental check ups as dentists can often spot the early stages of mouth cancer.
Who is Affected
Mouth cancer is an uncommon cancer accounting for 1 in 50 of all cases of cancer.
There were just over 6,200 new cases of mouth cancer diagnosed in the UK during 2009 (the latest year from which reliable data is available).

The majority of mouth cancer cases first develop in older adults aged around 60.
Although cases can occur in younger adults. It is thought that infection with HPV may be responsible for most cases in younger people.

Mouth cancer is more common in men than women. This is thought to be due to the fact that, on average, men drink more alcohol than women.
Outlook
If diagnosed at an early stage, a complete cure is often possible using a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.

An estimated 4 out of 5 people with early-stage mouth cancer will live at least five years after their diagnosis, and many for a lot longer.

If diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the cancer has spread out of the mouth and into surrounding tissue, the outlook is poor: only 1 in 5 people will live for at least five years after their diagnosis.
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Ear Cancer

Source(google.com.pk)
Ear Cancer Biography
Cancer of the ear is a rare cancer. Most of these cancers start in the skin of the outer ear. About 5 out of 100 skin cancers develop on the ear. Those that develop inside the ear are very rare. Less than 1 in every million people in the UK will develop cancer in the middle ear each year.

Causes of ear cancer
Cancers of the outer ear usually develop in the skin of the ear. The cause of most skin cancers is long term exposure to the sun. Most cancers develop on the top part of the ear, called the helix.

The cause of cancers in the middle ear is unknown. People with a history of chronic ear infections have a higher risk of developing cancer in the ear. Chronic means for 10 years or more.

 Symptoms of cancer of the ear
The symptoms of cancer of the ear depend on where the tumour is within the ear. Some people may also have swollen lymph nodes in their neck.

Outer ear – the main symptom is a spot or sore that doesn’t heal within 4 weeks. Most squamous cell cancers are pink lumps that have a hard scaly surface. They often bleed easily and ulcerate. If you have mole on your ear you should report any changes, such as the mole growing, itching or bleeding.

Middle ear – the most common symptom is a discharge from the ear which may be blood stained. Other symptoms include hearing loss and earache. Occasionally people cannot move their face on the side of the affected ear.

Inner ear – pain including a headache, hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness.

 Types of ear cancer
Most cancers of the ear are squamous cell carcinomas. Other types include

Basal cell cancer
Melanoma
Adenoid cystic
Adenocarcinoma
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 Tests for ear cancer
Your doctor will examine you and you may have blood tests to check your general health.

The only way to confirm a diagnosis of cancer is to take a small amount of tissue from the abnormal area of the ear and examine it under a microscope. Doctors call this a biopsy. Before your doctor takes the biopsy they give you a local anaesthetic to numb the area so you don’t have any pain. Biopsies of the middle ear can be difficult to take and you may need to have a general anaesthetic.

If the biopsy shows a cancer, you may also have an MRI scan or a CT scan to help your doctor decide which treatment you need. There is more information about these scans in the cancer tests section. Occasionally people have scans before a biopsy.

Doctors do not take biopsies of the inner ear. This is because it is very difficult to reach without causing problems to other structures around it. Your doctor will make a diagnosis using MRI scans and CT scans.


 Stages of cancer of the ear
The staging of a cancer looks at the size of the cancer and whether it has spread. Working out the staging system can be difficult with rare cancers because there are not many people with the cancer. So it is hard to develop the staging system. Doctors use a number of different staging systems for cancer of the ear.

Generally an early stage cancer is small and just within the area it started in. One that is slightly more advanced has grown into the surrounding structures. A secondary or metastatic cancer has spread to another part of the body from where it started. Working out the stage of the cancer helps your doctor to decide about treatment.

The staging system for cancers of the outer ear is the same as for skin cancer you can read more about this on our stages of skin cancer page in the skin cancer section.  If you have a melanoma the staging system is the same as for melanomas that develop elsewhere on the body. You can read more about this staging system on the stages of melanoma page.

For cancers of the ear canal and middle ear doctors can use the TMN staging system. The T part refers to the tumour, the N whether the lymph nodes have any cancer cells in them and M tells us if it has spread to another organ in the body.

The staging for the ear canal and the middle ear is

T1 – the tumour is just in the middle ear and is not causing any numbness of the face and is not in the nearby bone

T2 – the tumour has grown outside the area and is causing numbness or is affecting the bone

T3 – the tumour has grown into the nearby salivary gland (parotid gland) or the base of the skull or the joint of the jaw
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Cancer Breast

Source(google.com.pk)
Cancer Breast Biography
Breast cancer is the type of Cancer that is most common in women and the second most common worldwide. Women have been found to have one in eight chances of developing Breast Cancer in their life.

Breast Cancer is found frequently in Western countries. Europe and North America holds the biggest numbers of Breast Cancer patients. The people’s lifestyle in those continents is found to be the known trigger of the disease.

Although it rarely happens, Breast Cancer cases in men were documented as well. In fact, it accounts for about 1% of Cancer deaths in men.

The number of afflicted patients at present have ballooned since the 1970s data. This progress was blamed mostly on the modernist lifestyle adapted by the modern people. Then again, the last few years seen those numbers declined. This is due to the continued efforts of the medical world to find relief and remedies that will topple off the disease. Breast Cancer awareness efforts also helped women become more open to undergo mammography, which opened up the pathway towards early detection and treatment. Still, Breast Cancer remains as one of the most feared health condition in the world. It even surpassed heart disease, which is the most common cause of death every where.


BREAST CANCER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Breast Cancer is characterized by lumps or tumors in the breast cells. If these lumps remain undetected, they may spread to other body parts and cause complications. Doctors use a staging system to classify a patient’s level of affliction. Breast Cancer stages are determined according to its severity. Establishing the extent of the disease allowed the doctors to use appropriate treatments with each case.
Image: Breast cancer

The common triggers of Breast Cancer are found as hormonal, environmental, genetic or a combination of any. A number of variables have been identified to affect a person’s chance at contracting Breast Cancer. These include age, sex, alcohol intake, eating habits, tobacco use, and exposure to radiation. However, not one of those variables is traced to cause the Cancer in a particular case.
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